Spooky action at a distance

The greatest beauty of quantum physics is that it never ends! So there is so much more to discover

We know the whole problem here is the electron. We should find where these electrons will come and go. How can we catch him?

If you are a police officer (Detector)….how you will find the electron…..

Very simple…..we look where he(electron) is likely to be seen. scientists have done the same. Studied the probability of finding the electron. So quantum physics is purely a study of probability. But it has a powerful and detailed mathematical framework.

Let's peep through Uncertainty Principle. Imagine that you are a policeman looking for an electron. when attempting to locate the electron's position. You won't be able to predict where the electron will move as the size of the area where it is likely to be detected reduces. The size of the region where the electron is likely to be detected is quite large* if you know where it is traveling. All these things came into picture if you want to know the electron's position and velocity simultaneously.

 let's try to understand this by using another analogy. If you know the electron is going to Thiruvananthapuram exactly.....you will have to search all over Kerala....but if it is confirmed that it is in the Thiruvananthapuram city......You can't predict where the electron is going...In other words, you have to believe that an electron has a velocity even though it is invisible to you.

Of course, no common man can fully believe in this possibility.

"Einstein Attacks Quantum Theory"

After listening to Bohr's study of probability, Einstein said that  "God does not play dice with the universe."

Quantum Entanglement

Then 3 famous scientists, Einstein, Podolsky, and Rosen (EPR paradox) proposed a new strategy to oppose quantum physics...

#Now some imagination is needed (using some analogy we would try to understand EPR paradox)

'

Consider you have two balls in your hand...(These are special balls. (Quantum Entangled balls)) one blue and red one....you send them as gifts to two friends(Don't forget to wrap these gifts)...if one friend gets the blue ball naturally the other friend gets the red ball. Is this really what Einstein said! No!

But ..... according to quantum physics, the balls we send were red and blue at the same time.. (No need to say again that they were special balls.!) Now the amazing fact is coming if a friend opens the gift box and saw blue ball. Then immediately this blue ball will tell the other ball to turn its colour to red. This is Bohr's version of quantum entanglement interpretation.

Here comes the problem….think one of your friends is on Pluto….even at the speed of light these balls communicate with each other, then it will take 5 hours for the ball in the other gift bag to turn red. But. According to quantum physics...these balls can communicate immediately which is faster than the velocity of light....but according to Einstein's Special Theory of Relativity, nothing can travel faster than light (in vacuum). If so how do these balls communicate with each other?

Einstein used the same principle (EPR Paradox) to state that the Uncertainty Principle is wrong.

Actually, Einstein solved this problem very logically….

The sender of the ball knows which color ball is in which gift package...that is, the color of the ball is actually predetermined. So there is nothing like one ball being red and blue at the same time. Hence there is no communication is needed between them.

Hmmm.....So who is right?

That's when a scientist named John Bell comes up with his inequality equation (Bell's inequality). Then some experiments have been done to verify this. They use light (photons). Instead of the color of the ball, the polarization of the light was used there.

Then the reality came, Bohr's version was right.

So reality Doesn't Exist Until We Measure It. So can we communicate faster than light?  Using Quantum entanglement as far as now. We can't do that because this entanglement itself is quite random and cannot be controlled. But let's hope for the best. Recently 2022 Nobel in physics was for experiments with entangled photons, establishing the violation of Bell inequalities and pioneering quantum information science. So the studies on quantum computing and quantum information is now a hot spot.

-Renjith